How to Cite

Citing datasets used in published research is just as important as citing peer-reviewed articles, books, edited volumes, and other materials that contribute to the research endeavor. Data citation makes it easier to replicate findings, provides credit to the research teams that produced the data, and allows the impact of data to be tracked.

By citing your use of CLEA, you are supporting the reproducibility of your research and attributing credit not only to CLEA but to a broader network of collaborators who have donated their time, expertise, and data to the archive.

Citing CLEA

APA (6th edition)
Kollman, K., Hicken, A., Caramani, D., Backer, D., & Lublin, D. (2019). Constituency-level elections archive [data file and codebook]. Ann Arbor, MI: Center for Political Studies, University of Michigan [producer and distributor]. Retrieved from http://www.electiondataarchive.org.

MLA (8th edition)
Kollman, Ken, Allen Hicken, Daniele Caramani, David Backer, and David Lublin. Constituency-Level Elections Archive. Ann Arbor, MI: Center for Political Studies, University of Michigan [producer and distributor], 2019. Web. 17 June 2019.

Chicago (17th edition)
Kollman, Ken, Allen Hicken, Daniele Caramani, David Backer, and David Lublin. 2019. Constituency-Level Elections Archive. Produced and distributed by Ann Arbor, MI: Center for Political Studies, University of Michigan, http://www.electiondataarchive.org.

For additional guidance on how to cite datasets, see:

ICPSR: Why and how should I cite data?

DataCite: Why cite data?

IASSIST: Quick Guide to Data Citation

ESRC: Data citation: what you need to know

Citing the Maps

For citation of the entire GRED database, the following formats are recommended:

APA (6th edition)
Kollman, K., Hicken, A., Caramani, D., Backer, D., Lublin, D., Selway, J., and Vasselai, F. (2019). GeoReferenced Electoral Districts Datasets [data files and codebook]. Ann Arbor, MI: Center for Political Studies, University of Michigan [producer and distributor]. Retrieved from http://www.electiondataarchive.org.

MLA (8th edition)
Kollman, Ken, Allen Hicken, Daniele Caramani, David Backer, David Lublin, Joel Selway, David Lublin and Fabricio Vasselai. GeoReferenced Electoral Districts Datasets. Ann Arbor, MI: Center for Political Studies, University of Michigan [producer and distributor], 2019. Web. 15 February 2019.

Chicago (17th Edition)
Kollman, Ken, Allen Hicken, Daniele Caramani, David Backer, David Lublin, Joel Selway, and Fabricio Vasselai. 2019. GeoReferenced Electoral Districts Datasets. Produced and distributed by Ann Arbor, MI: Center for Political Studies, University of Michigan.